Genetic diversity and structure of Northern Sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi) assessed by newly developed and cross‐species microsatellites

Twenty‐five polymorphic microsatellite markers, including 13 newly isolated markers and 12 existing cross‐species markers, were used to assess the genetic variation of 141 individuals from three cultured stocks of northern sheatfish, Silurus soldatovi, in China. Samples were collected from Heilongjiang (H), Tongerpu (T) and Liaoning (L). Allelic richness, expected and observed heterozygosity among 25 loci were calculated, and the mean A_e, H_o and H_e were estimated in three stocks. In low polymorphic locus HLJcf19 and HLJcf38, most individuals in all three stocks were homozygous and had only one same allele, while only few heterozygous individuals had the other allele in one certain stock. And all the three stocks showed excess of heterozygotes, because of significant negative F_IS values. Genetic distance, UPGMA dendrogram, as well as structure analysis, all indicated that Stock H and L were closer among three stocks. The results revealed that though all stocks had no reduction in recent time, their effective population size were significantly lower to the ideal value.     

苏氏圆腹（♂）与南方大口鲶（♀）杂交种的胚胎学观察

在（26＋1）℃水温条件下以苏氏圆腹为父本,南方大口鲶为母本采用干法授精进行杂交,用双筒显微镜对其子一代的胚胎发育过程续跟综观察。结果显示：两者杂交受精率80%,胚胎畸形率72%,孵化率22.4%,整个胚胎发育历时26h35min,其发育过程与其父本、母本基本一致。杂交种既有父本的特征,又有母本的特征,说明绝非单性生殖。     

辽河鲇种群生殖调节机制研究

研究辽河流域鲇种群生殖适应性，即个体生殖力及其调节机制、生殖过程及其适应性。结果表明：鲇个体生殖力低于鲤科鱼类而与乌鳢和胡子鲇相近，卵质优于鲤科鱼类；鲇产卵期长，有利于亲鱼充分利产卵场和仔鱼利用铒料资源；产卵后卵巢内有大量的卵母细胞残留是对不稳定生殖环境的适应。     

不同光照周期下鲇幼鱼的日摄食节律

水温(23±1)℃,研究了鲇幼鱼自然光照、持续光照(自然光或日光灯作光源)和持续黑暗条件下的日摄食节律.试验结果表明,3种光照周期下,鲇幼鱼昼夜均有连续摄食特性,期间具有明显的摄食高峰(夜间)和低谷(白天),鲇幼鱼有明显的日摄食节律;持续黑暗与自然光照周期下的鲇幼鱼日摄食节律基本一致,持续光照与自然光照周期下的鲇幼鱼日摄食节律有所差异.研究证明,鲇幼鱼在3种光照周期下均属于典型的夜晚摄食类型;光照周期的改变对鲇幼鱼的日摄食率无显著影响(P>0.05).     

3种染色体组加倍方法诱导黄河鲇雌核发育的比较

用经紫外线照射后遗传失活的黄河鲇精子、刺激性成熟的黄河鲇卵子, 进行雌核发育, 采用冷休克、热休克和秋水仙素浸泡等3种染色体组加倍方法诱导黄河鲇卵进行二倍体雌核发育。实验结果表明: 在人工诱导黄河鲇二倍体雌核发育过程中, 以冷休克处理组的效果最好, 胚胎孵化率达到8. 1%; 其次为秋水仙素处理组, 胚胎孵化率达到6. 3%; 热休克处理组诱导效果较差, 胚胎孵化率仅为4. 0%。     

杂交鲶(怀头鲶♀×鲶鱼♂)及其亲本肌肉营养成份分析

对怀头鲶♀×鲶鱼♂杂交F1代和亲本的肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪、水份、氨基酸及其脂肪酸中EPA、DHA含量进行了较全面的分析。结果表明：虽杂交鲶粗蛋白含量（17.28％）略高于亲本怀头鲶（16．78％）、鲶鱼（16．82％），但粗脂肪含量高于亲本平均含量的4．3倍。EPA、DHA含量也明显超过亲本。3种鱼肌肉中含有18种氨基酸，杂交鲶肌肉中的THR、VAL、MET、IYS、TRY及有鲜味的ASP、GLU、ALA的含量也较突出。     

南方鲇源豚鼠气单胞菌胞外产物活性与致病性研究

采用琼脂扩散法测定了南方鲇源豚鼠气单胞菌胞外产物酶活性和溶血活性,同时对胞外产物的细胞毒性和其致病性进行了研究。结果显示:南方鲇源豚鼠气单胞菌胞外产物具有蛋白酶、脂酶、明胶酶和脲酶活性,但不具有淀粉酶和卵磷脂酶活性,具有很强的溶血活性和细胞毒性。肌肉注射感染发现,其对南方鲇有强致病性,其LD50为每千克鱼体重0.802 mg;注射后的南方鲇肌肉、心、肝、肾、脾、肠和胃等组织发生了严重组织病理变化,骨骼肌和心肌坏死断裂,炎症细胞浸润;肝脏严重空泡变性;肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死、间质内大量炎症细胞浸润;脾充血、出血,淋巴细胞减少,胃肠黏膜上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落。     

洞庭湖土鲶染色体核型分析

采用PHA 和秋水仙素体内注射法,研究洞庭湖土鲶的染色体核型.试验结果表明,洞庭湖土鲶染色体组由58 条组成,按着丝粒位置可分为4组,m 组有12对染色体,sm 组有8 对染色体,st 组有7 对染色体,t 组有2对染色体,每个染色体均有相应的同源染色体.洞庭湖土鲶的2n=58,NF =98,其核型公式为:2n =24m+16sm+14st+4t.     

南方鲶肝超氧化物歧化酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

经热变性,丙酮分级沉淀,DEAE琼脂糖离子交换层析和Superdex-200凝胶层析,从南方鲶肝中分离纯化获得超氧化物岐化酶.该酶的比活为806.84 U/mg,提纯倍数为336.18,分子量为46.0 kD,亚基分子量为15.2 kD.该酶在20～60℃温度范围内稳定性较好,在pH 4～8范围内活性稳定,对H2O2敏感,对KCN不敏感.Mg2+,Fe2+离子对该酶有激活作用,Zn2+,Pb2+,Ca2+,Cd+离子对该酶有抑制作用.     

Edwardsiella tarda infection in Korean catfish,Silurus asotus,in a Korean fish farm

Mass mortality of Korean catfish, Silurus asotus, occurred in a culture farm situated in Jeollabukdo Province, Korea. The cumulative mortality rates reached up to 5% of the total fish in the farm per day. In clinical signs, the affected fish showed abdominal distension, vent protrusion, enteritis, liver congestion and abscess‐like lesions in enlarged spleen and kidney. Histopathologically, in the liver, hepatocytes lost fat and underwent atrophy or necrosis. The spleen showed necrotized splenocytes and a haemorrhagic pulp. In the kidney, glomerular destruction, degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cell and haemorrhage were observed. However, necrotic muscular lesions were not observed. A pure bacterial isolate was obtained from the liver, spleen and kidney lesions of affected fish. Experimental infection of normal catfish with the isolate resulted in the development of clinical signs similar to those seen on the farm. The isolates were identified as Edwardsiella tarda through biochemical tests (99.4%) and analysis of bacterial genes (16S rDNA) sequences (98%). The bacteria possessed two virulent genes: sodB and katB genes. These results suggest that E. tarda can act as a pathogen of farmed catfish. This is the first report showing that E. tarda caused mortality in cultured Korean catfish.